The fishbone technique for problem solving, created by Karoru Ishikawa, nicknamed 'fishikawa'

Ishikawa diagrams (also called fishbone diagrams, or herringbone diagrams,cause-and-effect diagrams, or Fishikawa) are causal diagrams that show the causes of a specific event-- created by Kaoru Ishikawa (Guide to Quality Control- Juse Press, Tokyo 1968).  

Common uses of the Ishikawa diagram are product design and quality defect prevention, to identify potential factors causing an overall effect. Each cause or reason for imperfection is a source of variation. Causes are usually grouped into major categories to identify these sources of variation. The categories typically include: 

§  People: Any one involved with the process, their training and experience  

§  Methods: How the process is performed and the specific requirements for doing it, such as policies, procedures, rules, regulations and laws   

§  Machines: Any equipment, computers, tools etc. required to accomplish the job.  Maintenance and appropriateness for the job   

§  Materials: Raw materials, parts, pens, paper, etc. used to produce the final product.  SWMS and MSDS's    

§  Measurements: Data generated from the process that are used to evaluate its quality  

§  Environment: The conditions, such as location, time, temperature, and culture in which the process operates, weather, light etc  

Another of Ishikawa's ideas was the Quality Circle.

A  quality circle is a  volunteer  group composed of  workers  (or even  students ), usually under the leadership of their supervisor (but they can elect a team leader), who are trained to identify, analyze and solve work-related problems and present their solutions to management  in order to improve the performance of the organization, and motivate and enrich the work of employees. When matured, true quality circles become self-managing, having gained the confidence of management.  (Wikipedia)

 See also the FIVE WHY technique